THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LOGISTICS AND ITS HISTORY
Saitkulova Matluba Karshi State University Economics 3rd year student of the Faculty of Economics
Annotation: The article conducts a study on the theoretical foundations of logistics and its role in the world economy, theories from the research of economists, about the history of logistics and the application of logistics to minimize raw materials and commodity reserves, optimally location of suppliers and reserves.
Key expressions: Logistics, International transport, Goods, Macrologistics, Mesologistics, Micrologistics.
Logistics is an area of planning, organization, management, optimization, control and coordination of material, financial and information flows from the current source to the consumer sector. The occurrence, movement, quantitative and qualitative changes of the material and all other related flows from the logistical point of view of the study, research and management of the micro or macro level require a systematic approach.
At the same time, the processes mentioned above are regarded as inextricably linked elements of a whole and a system directed towards a specific goal. As material flows pass through various joints of supply, production, distribution and consumption processes, various quantitative, structural and qualitative changes occur. Activities in the field of logistics are multifaceted. They include transportation and distribution processes, management of reserve and warehouse facilities, organization of information systems, management of commercial and financial activities, etc. As a result of the application of logistics, raw materials and commodity reserves are minimized, suppliers and reserves are optimally located, the movement time of goods from production to the consumer sector is reduced, all of which leads to a reduction in the overall cost of transport.
The main goal of logistics is to optimize the material resources in the supply system, effectively meet the demand of production joints for raw materials, materials, parts, semi-finished products and to reduce the total costs, taking into account all the efforts made to deliver the finished product to consumers.
Logistics (Greek – the art of reasoning, later – ensuring the army and its movement, mathematical logistics). In ancient mathematics, logistics was understood as the combination of computational and measurement algorithms known at the time. Leibniz used the term “logistics” to calculate his conclusions.
Formation period of logistics (1950-1970 g.) Intensive development of the theory of logistics and its application in practice for the first time. Combined with the understanding of marketing logistics, it leads to an emphasis on market needs, encouraging sales, and developing cost-cutting practices.
Emergence of the Concept of Business Logistics (1960s-1970s) A Logistics Approach, Transportation, Warehouse, Material Handling, Protective Packaging, Inventory Control, Selection of Production Location and Warehouse Location, Management of Production Orders, Demand Forecasting, Marketing Approach to Serving Manufacturers and Consumers.
Intensified competition against the backdrop of a shortage of high-quality raw materials in production. The period of the packaging revolution (late 1970s) A radical change in the warehouse process, its operational structure, the principle of organizing warehouse work, technical and technological support. The beginning of the use of transport and storage equipment, new types of containers and means of packaging, the use of the first containers, the introduction of standardization in warehouse operations, packaging, dimensions.
Emergence of the Idea of Complete Logistics (Supply) Chain (1980-1990s) The rapid development of personal computers and their widespread application in business led to the use of global information.
There is space for the logistical management of the organization, an opportunity to comprehensively review all logistics functions and operations, and minimize overall logistics costs, globalize the market, and form a single economic space.
In the current globalized economy, logistics is becoming increasingly important as companies seek to purchase materials and products from around the world and sell them to customers in different regions.
Global logistics networks require effective coordination, collaboration, and information sharing across multiple functions and organizations. It is important to note that logistics is an important component of the global economy and is essential for companies to effectively manage logistics in order for them to succeed in today’s competitive business environment. Logistics plays an important role in the world economy as it ensures the efficient movement of goods and services around the world.
The emergence and development of the concept of global quality management (mid-2000s) has led to the use of data. Using a logistic approach in quality management, increased competition leads to a struggle for quality, improves the level of service, the unity of goals of the producer and the consumer is recognized.
The importance of this stage for the development of logistics is that in terms of strategic planning in free markets, the company’s integrated logistics tasks correspond to the idea of overall quality management. The company’s integrated logistics tasks align with the idea of overall quality management.
The goal of logistics is to ensure the timely acceptance (delivery) of the product (goods) to the consumer at a minimum cost of manpower, material and financial resources.
The objective of the logistics activity is considered to have been achieved when six conditions are met:
1. Required products;
2.Necessary quality;
3.Delivered in the required quantity;
4.Timely;
5.To the right place;
6.With minimal cost.
The planning of various operations and the analysis of the level of elements of the logistics system have predetermined its division into macro logistics, meshology, and micro logistics.
Macrologistics is the field of logistics, which includes points of analysis of the market of suppliers and consumers, the development of a common concept of distribution, the placement of warehouses at the place of service, the choice of types of transport and vehicles, the organization of transport processes, rational directions of material flows, the supply of raw materials, materials and semi-finished products. It deals with the arrangement of points for the delivery of finished products, choosing the method of transit or distribution of warehouses.
Mesologistics is the field of logistics that unites several firms in the same field into one system.
Micrologistics is a field of logistics that solves problems within the individual connections and elements of logistics and manages the flow of material and information at the internal level. This can include planning various logistical operations within an enterprise such as loading and unloading, transportation and warehousing, etc. It carries out operations for the planning, preparation, implementation and management of 11 product movements within enterprises.
Participants in logistics decisions: manufacturers, suppliers, transportation agencies, consumers, government agencies.
In the private sector, the consumer is in demand for the manufacturer’s products. The manufacturer acts as a supplier. He negotiates with transport agencies on the transfer of raw materials and finished products to the enterprise from the enterprises to markets. Thus, the demand for transportation is the demand that is generated. The government sets the general rules for the functioning of the market and ensures the operation of the transport infrastructure in part. In the public sector, the government acts as the customer, consumer, and supplier of a part of a product (e.g., in the realm of military needs).
Conclusion and suggestions.
⦁ In conclusion, logistics plays a crucial role in the global economy by ensuring the movement of goods and services around the world. Logistics providers offer a range of services such as transportation, warehousing, distribution, and supply chain management, which are essential for businesses to operate efficiently and efficiently. Logistics is an important industry that contributes significantly to the global economy and is essential for businesses to thrive in an increasingly connected and competitive world.
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